The editorial board of the Loyola Phoenix, the student newspaper of Loyola University in Chicago, recently published an editorial criticizing the university president and the school’s department of marketing and communications for intervening in interview requests to faculty members and others. 

The editorial also said emailed responses from the school’s marketing department often answered student journalists’ questions in canned marketing language, leaving little opportunity to follow up.  

“Loyola is more than a brand,” the editorial board wrote. “It’s a university. Its priority should be keeping its students safe and keeping them educated. There’s no better group to do that than the students themselves.” 

After the editorial received substantial attention, Loyola’s department of university marketing and communications clarified that faculty and staff may respond to requests from journalists, including students, without going through the marketing department. A university task force is being formed to review the school’s media policies.

Loyola student journalists aren’t the only ones facing resistance from university administrators. Student journalists at Taylor University, a Christian school in Indiana, founded the Student Press Coalition after the school blocked a negative story about a former professor’s lawsuit. In the coalition’s survey of student journalists at Christian colleges and universities, three in four respondents said they or their publications had faced pressure to change, edit or remove an article after publication. Cassidy Grom, a co-founder of the Student Press Coalition, received SPJ’s Robert D.G. Lewis First Amendment Award in 2018. 

Nor are the problems limited to private schools. The University of Kentucky sued its student newspaper, the Kentucky Kernel, challenging a state attorney general’s ruling that would require administrators to disclose information about a sexual misconduct investigation of a former professor. (The case is pending before the Kentucky Court of Appeals.) Western Kentucky University filed a similar lawsuit against student newspapers over disclosures related to alleged sexual misconduct. 

All this comes at a time when student journalists are filling in gaps left by the waning of local newsrooms. As newspapers in smaller markets shrink their coverage, student papers are providing valuable community news. The Pew Research Center found in 2014 that students made up 14 percent of all statehouse reporters. 

The 2016 report “Threats to the Independence of Student Media,” endorsed by the American Association of University Professors, the College Media Association, the National Coalition Against Censorship and the Student Press Law Center, notes that 

A college or university campus is in many ways analogous to a self-contained city in which thousands of residents conduct their daily lives—drawing on the resources of the institution for housing, dining, police protection, medical services, employment, recreation, and culture. Student journalists keep watch over the delivery of these services, giving the members of their public a voice in the matters that concern them most. 

University administrators should recognize that student journalists play a crucial role in informing students, faculty and staff about what is happening in their community – both good and bad. Student media are not an extension of university marketing. Their independence is critical in helping their audience understand and make educated decisions about university life.

Amy Merrick
SPJ Region 5 Coordinator

Al Cross
University of Kentucky

Tom Eblen
President, Bluegrass Professional Chapter
Lexington, Kentucky

Mike Farrell
University of Kentucky

Indiana Pro Chapter

The Bluegrass Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists issued a statement Wednesday responding to Twitter comments Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin recently made about a reporter at the Courier-Journal based in Louisville.

Liz Hansen, president of the Bluegrass chapter, distributed the statement approved by the chapter’s board of directors to media across the state Wednesday. Here’s the complete statement:

Governor, name-calling has no place in civil discourse
An ethics complaint has been filed against Gov. Matt Bevin, who purchased a house near Louisville from a supporter for $1.6 million. Bevin’s attorneys have appealed the Jefferson County Property Valuation Administrator’s assessment of more than $2 million. Courier-Journal reporter Tom Loftus visited the house in March to check reports that Bevin was living there. Despite the fact Loftus, a veteran reporter inducted in the Kentucky Journalism Hall of Fame, never reached the house and left when a state trooper asked him to, Bevin called Loftus a “truly sick man” and “peeping Tom” on Twitter two weeks ago.

This is the response of the Bluegrass Professional Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists:

The news media are also protected from government interference so journalists can provide information to the public, to the voters who choose these public officials, and theoretically at least, to whom the officials must answer for their deeds, good or otherwise. The news media also serve as a watchdog, because everyone who runs for and holds office is a man or woman like all the rest of us, with our foibles and our failures. The truth is this: Power corrupts, and power unchecked corrupts even more.
The news media work for the people. Surveys of journalists tell the same story: The people who report the news believe they have a duty, not to the people in power but to the voters who entrusted public officials with that power.

That brings us to one of the state’s most respected journalists. Tom Loftus learned his journalism at the Ohio State University and has been practicing here on behalf of the people of the Commonwealth for more than 40 years. He has demonstrated repeatedly that if a story in the Courier-Journal carries the byline of Tom Loftus, you can trust it. He won the James Madison Award for Service to the First Amendment by a Kentuckian as recognition for his lifetime of work.

Gov. Matt Bevin, however, has a problem with reporter Loftus. This veteran newsman broke the story FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE that the governor had purchased a home at what appeared to be substantially less than its value on the Jefferson County books. And he purchased it from a man who gave to his campaign fund and now holds a seat on a state board. Rather than provide an explanation to the reporter so he could put the governor’s reply in the story, his office declined to return the reporter’s calls and give the voters of the state the governor’s side of the story.
When the governor did address the issue, after an ethics complaint was filed against him, he stooped to calling Tom Loftus a “peeping Tom,” because Loftus actually went to the house to see if the governor really was living there. We call that good reporting. And no one has said Loftus “peeped” in the windows. He was asked to leave before he got to the door, and he did. The governor delivered a stiff arm to the public’s representative rather than provide information.

Name-calling is not something we expect of our elected leaders. People differ on all manner of ideas, profound and mundane, but the power of any argument is lost when name-calling begins. The doctrines supporting the First Amendment establish a “marketplace of ideas” – from discussion and debate, not name- calling, emerge the best ideas. That, according to philosophers and the Supreme Court of the United States, is why the Constitution bars government from censorship except in the rarest of cases, usually when national security is threatened.

We have known and worked with Tom Loftus. He is honest, hard working and committed to accuracy and ethical reporting. He is among the most honorable journalists to have ever written for a Kentucky newspaper.
The Bluegrass Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists believes character assassination and name- calling should definitely be beyond the pale of every public official, especially the chief executive of the state.
SPJ calls on Gov. Matt Bevin to respect the news media and their roles in promoting democracy – informing the public, facilitating discussion and debate, and acting as watchdogs. That he sees nothing wrong with his name-calling and refusing to answer legitimate questions about what voters could perceive as favored treatment shows he doesn’t believe he is answerable to the public.

And really, governor, your name-calling is setting a bad example for everyone in the state, and your beloved children deserve a better role model. In fact, if you really want to change the political climate in Kentucky, Gov. Bevin, we all deserve a better role model. We call it character, governor, and this verbal assault on a respected journalist doesn’t reflect well on yours.

At a time of conflict, stress and challenge, journalists must not change their mission and their standards, the chair of the Society of Professional Journalists’ Ethics Committee told journalists at the University of Kentucky Wednesday evening.

Andrew Seaman, senior health-policy reporter for Reuters, noted that public trust in the news media is at al all-time low, but health-insurance companies have somehow improved their public regard in recent years, and “If they can gain trust, so can journalists.”

Even though journalists have “the most powerful person in the world attacking us,” they must not take the bait of an adviser to President Trump and become “the opposition party,” Seaman said. They must continue to do the work that democracy and society demand, and “be careful of the friends you make while you are under attack.

He said journalists would do well to remember the maxim of Washington Post Editor Martin Baron: “We’re not at war. We’re at work.”

Seaman made another point familiar to rural journalists: “Be part of the communities you serve,” spending time that doesn’t involve reporting.

At the same time, he said, journalists must be educators and advocates for their craft, explaining controversial decisions. And finally, he said, “Be human,” empathizing and observing the Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.”

About Challenges to Journalism Series:

Seaman’s appearance was the latest in a series of “Challenges to Journalism” programs sponsored by the UK School of Journalism and Media, its Scripps Howard First Amendment Center and Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, the UK Department of Communication and the campus SPJ chapter and Bluegrass SPJ chapter. The next one will feature Rich Boehne, CEO of E.W. Scripps Co., March 30.

Al Cross is director of the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, based at the University of Kentucky, and an associate professor in the university’s School of Journalism and Telecommunications. He’s also co-adviser for UK’s chapter of SPJ.This post originally appeared on the The Rural Blog. .

The somewhat odd lawsuit Western Kentucky University filed against its student newspaper challenges an attorney general’s ruling on an open records request.

The WKU lawsuit shows the length universities will go to keep things secret, especially when the things involve sexual misconduct.

Secrecy is nothing new at WKU. It just completed a hiring process for its new president, a process conducted entirely in secret.

So the lawsuit WKU filed against the Herald comes as no surprise.

Its oddity: WKU essentially sued itself.

The Herald is editorially independent, but WKU Student Publications which oversees the Herald and a yearbook-turned magazine, received $350,000 in WKU’s 2016-2017 fiscal budget. The suit also names Herald staffer Nicole Areas and the Kentucky Kernel student newspaper and its staffer Matthew Smith. The Kernel first requested the records from WKU. The Herald request followed.

The lawsuit states that the university has no complaint with the Herald, which sought records of university investigations into sexual misconduct under the federal Title IX statute. Its beef comes with the commonwealth’s attorney general who ruled WKU must give those records up, the lawsuit states.
WKU cannot sue the commonwealth’s Attorney General’s Office, so it must go after the Herald.

The university essentially cites two reasons it should not have to produce the records:

• Drafts: WKU argues that that since the university employees investigated for sexual misconduct violations either resigned or retired during the investigation, the information gathered in that investigation is in a “draft” stage. The Kentucky statute on open records exempts: “Preliminary drafts, notes, correspondence with private individuals, other than correspondence which is intended to give notice of final action of a public agency.”

• Privacy: The statute exempts “Public records containing information of a personal nature where the public disclosure thereof would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy.”
People a lot smarter than me can see the flaws in WKU’s position.

First, if the university acknowledges the investigations are no longer ongoing — for whatever reason — then that shows the information gathered from them is no longer draft but complete even if WKU took no action.
As to playing the privacy card, a handy trump card used more frequently by public entities, WKU is a “public” institution. And it should be noted that WKU has released personnel information about its employees, most notably a letter of termination for an employee which identified the employee and which contained negative and potentially harmful information about that employee.

The issue of victims and their privacy also arises.

The attorney general’s ruling allowed WKU to redact personally identifiable information from the records. WKU contends redactions will not ensure privacy.

I think is important to note, particularly for students —legalese aside — that sexual misconduct on college campuses is a serious issue.

The more the public knows about it, the better off we all will be. And the more the public understands the process used by universities when situations involving sexual misconduct occur, the better off we all will be. It is reckless to take a position that because the people investigated left WKU’s employment, the incidents essentially did not occur.

And I think it’s important to note that people understand the sensitivity and the concern that comes with victims. But the other side of that coin is that there are public safety issues in play here, so it’s important to know where and how these incidents occur to prevent others from becoming victims.

WKU states in the lawsuit that since 2013 it received 20 complaints alleging sexual misconduct under the federal Title IX statute. All were investigated and six were found to have caused violations of WKU policy.
That indicates a problem with sexual misconduct at WKU — a “public” problem.

Mac McKerral is a professor and Journalism Unit coordinator in the School of Journalism & Broadcasting at Western Kentucky University. He has been a member of the Society of Professional Journalists since 1989 and has served in numerous roles, including president of the national board. He currently is co-adviser to the WKU chapter of SPJ.

The surge of fake news during the heated election season and the attacks from President Trump and his aides should spark re-dedication among journalists to the Society of Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics: seek truth and report it, minimize harm, act independently, and be accountable and transparent.

The assertions of “alternative facts” have also triggered a wave of re-evaluating what truth and fairness in journalism should look like.

In a series titled “Challenges to Journalism,” the University of Kentucky’s School of Journalism and Media is exploring those issues weekly, with the help of the Bluegrass and UK Campus chapters of SPJ, and other units of the university’s College of Communication and Information.

After an initial discussion by campus chapter co-advisers Al Cross and Dr. Mike Farrell, moderated by professor Scoobie Ryan on Feb. 9, the school hosted a panel discussion titled “The Cure for Fake News Disease: Truth and Fairness (and Balance?), with two of Kentucky’s most accomplished political journalists; a university faculty member who has been a newspaper editor; and a conservative critic of Kentucky news outlets.

Cross, director of UK’s Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, moderated the panel and began by saying that “fake news disease” can be attributed to the dominance of social media, “which lack the verification of traditional media,” and the growth of partisan and ideological media that appeal to a reader’s ”desire for confirmation, more than information. . . . These factors in many cases mean that there is no longer a commonly agreed upon set of facts on which to make public debate and policy making. All of this raises serious questions about the role in which journalists, journalism students and journalism faculty should play.”

The panel started its discussion by watching Kentucky Gov. Matt Bevin’s recent Facebook Live attack on The Courier-Journal of Louisville and longtime reporter Deborah Yetter.

C-J columnist and former political writer Joseph Gerth said the story was accurate, but media critic Richard Nelson of the Commonwealth Policy Center said Yetter’s statement that the state attorney general is “defending” a new anti-abortion law failed to note that Beshear had not defended the law against a motion for an injunction against it.
Journalism professor Kakie Urch argued that the only thing missing from the story was the law’s impact on readers, such as “a trans-vaginal ultrasound of every woman seeking an abortion,” with some exceptions. “Those are real impacts on real people.”

Cross countered, “You can also argue that including that in every story is being too tendentious, that you’re trying to make an argument for people who don’t like the bill.” He said those are the kinds of decisions that reporters and editors must make every day.

Cross asked, “If you had to define three essential standards or elements for journalism, what would they be?”
John Stamper, politics and government editor of the Lexington Herald-Leader, said that journalism first needs to be interesting. He added that it needs to be accurate, and as thorough as possible. But he acknowledged that staff shortages can present a problem: “There are lots of things going on that we just don’t cover because there’s nobody to cover it . . . stories that people may have found interesting.”

Gerth said honesty is an essential element to journalism: “Facts are facts and they aren’t going to change, but honesty is putting them in the proper perspective.” So is thoroughness, getting both sides of the story, he said, but “If one side is feeding you a bunch of crap, you have to call them out on it.”
Other panelists mentioned accuracy, in-depth reporting, and making sure that stories are important to the public. Cross said anonymous sources should be used only if a story is important enough and they are the only way to include essential information.

Have the concepts of fairness and balance changed in recent years, or do they need to change? “Yes” was Gerth’s immediate answer. “The standards of verification are a lot more strict than they are now than they were fifty, sixty, seventy years ago,” he said. “What we’re seeing now is a night-and-day difference.” He cited The Courier-Journal, where he has worked for 29 years, as an example.

Stamper said standards have not changed in his 15 years at the Herald-Leader, but what has changed the most is the style and presentation of stories, to drive readership: “Whether it’s in print or online, if you look at a newspaper from twenty years ago, it looks a lot different than it does right now.”

Nelson argued that the concepts of fairness and balance have changed because of how divided we are as a culture. “The disconnect is that when there are people in rural America that are pro-life or value religious freedom, and their thoughts may be different from somebody else’s in a city, when that’s not covered fairly, they’re feeling disenfranchised,” he said.

This has changed the standard of media outlets, he continued. “I think that’s dangerous for us as a people when you have such divided news sources,” that are not being objective and covering stories fairly, he said.

The rest of the series

The “Challenges to Journalism” series continues Thursday, Feb. 23, with a Bluegrass SPJ program for journalists and the general public, “Finding real facts in an alternative-fact world.”

A panel of local, regional and national professionals will examine the role of the news media and provide a better public understanding of how it works. The group also hopes to facilitate ongoing conversations about the importance of a free press in a democracy. The event will be held from 6:30 to 8 p.m. in Room A of the Central Library, 140 E. Main St., Lexington.

Panelists will include Ryan Craig, publisher of the weekly Todd County Standard and president of the Kentucky Press Association; Tom Eblen, columnist and former managing editor of the Herald-Leader; Campbell Robertson, a national correspondent for The New York Times; Kathy Stone, assistant news director at Lexington’s WLEX-18; and Jim Waters, president of the Bluegrass Institute for Public Policy Solutions, a free-market think tank, and frequent media critic.

Moderating will be Ginny Whitehouse, Ph.D., a journalism professor at Eastern Kentucky University specializing in media literacy, ethics and law.

UPCOMING EVENTS
In early March the Media Arts and Studies faculty of the School of Journalism and Media and UK librarians will discuss the technology of fake news and how to expose it.

On March 8, the journalism school will host Tom Rosenstiel of the American Press Institute, co-author of The Elements of Journalism, for a lecture at 3 p.m. in the Great Hall of the Margaret I. King Library in Central Campus.
In late March or early April, SPJ Ethics Committee Chair Andrew Seaman will visit.

In addition to the school and the SPJ chapters, the “Challenges to Journalism” series is co-sponsored by the school’s Scripps Howard First Amendment Center and Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues, and by the Department of Communication in UK’s College of Communication and Information.

Traci M. Thomas works for the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues at the
University of Kentucky.

Journalists say a judge’s ruling supporting the University of Kentucky in a lawsuit against its independent student newspaper, The Kentucky Kernel, raises concerns about transparency and open government.

Fayette County Circuit Court Judge Thomas Clark ruled Monday the university was not required to provide the Kernel with some documents in a sexual misconduct investigation of a professor who resigned before the university took action against him.

“We strongly support the Kernel news staff in fighting for access to documents that are newsworthy and that deserve to be released to the public,” said Lynn Walsh, national president of the Society of Professional Journalists.

Clark ruled the documents were protected by the Federal Educational Rights and Privacy Act and that it was not possible to protect the identity of the students who had filed the complaints by redacting their identities.

That reasoning brought a sharp rebuke from Frank LoMonte, executive director of the Student Press Law Center.

“Court after court has said that employee personnel records are not FERPA education records, and this ruling represents a substantial deviation from that commonsense consensus that the appellate courts of Kentucky should readily overturn,” LoMonte said.

“The judge is clearly mistaken in making the all-or-nothing decision that every part of the documents is identifying, based on some fanciful theory that amateur sleuths will root around in university expense records to try to deduce victim identities.”

SPJ President Walsh also objected to the judge’s position that releasing the investigatory documents would lead to the identification of the victims, even if the names were redacted. She defended journalistic ethical practices that protect victims.

“Every day journalists tell stories responsibly and ethically protecting the names and identities of victims,” Walsh said. “For a court to allow documents related to a public employee accused of sexual assault to be withheld for privacy reasons is astonishing.”

University of Kentucky President Eli Capilouto said the goal of the legal process is “preserving the right of a victim survivor to determine how, when, or even if to tell her story. “
In a statement emailed to the university, he wrote: “We stand with survivors and we believe strongly that federal and state laws protect their right to privacy. Without privacy, we know victim survivors will not come forward to report. That’s what was at stake in this case.”

Marjorie Kirk, a senior journalism major and editor-in-chief of The Kentucky Kernel, said the newspaper will appeal the decision and pursue other stories involving transparency of university disciplinary conduct against students and faculty.

“We will continue to report on a system that has enabled professors and others who are found responsible for sexual misconduct to move within academia unnoticed,” Kirk said in an email.

The Bluegrass Pro Chapter of SPJ, which represents the central Kentucky region containing the UK campus, has supported the Kernel since the university filed the lawsuit in August.

Chapter President Liz Hansen expressed concern about the implications this decision has for journalists seeking information from public universities under Kentucky open records and meeting laws.

“The Bluegrass chapter has supported the Kernel from the beginning,” Hansen said. “We committed $1,000 for legal fees and we’ll continue to support the student journalists as the Kernel appeals the decision. We think the decision is a bad one for open records in Kentucky.

“This decision also continues to cause concern about the lack of transparency at the University of Kentucky,” she said.

Walsh said the ruling could impact journalistic practices beyond the UK campus. “The ruling sets a dangerous precedent for what public universities can keep secret under privacy exemptions,” she said. “It also sends a chilling message to college news organizations.”

LoMonte also expressed concern the ruling will have wide implications:

“Unfortunately, this ruling is going to give cover to colleges everywhere to throw a secrecy blanket over employee misconduct,” he said. “It can’t possibly be that Congress wants these records to be withheld as ‘student education records,’ so if the courts are going to knuckle under to pressure from college lawyers, then Congress needs to step up and take the side of victimized students.

“It is stomach-turning to read President Capilouto celebrating what he claims to be a victory for victim privacy, when in fact the university has succeeded in making this campus and all campuses less safe from sexual predation.

“The public needs to understand that ‘victim privacy’ was a belated and cynical litigation strategy that the university adopted when all of its other concealment efforts failed, and that no part of this case has ever been motivated by concern for anything other than the university’s own image.

“The bottom line of this ruling is that colleges will be able to enter into secret pass-the-trash agreements that enable wrongdoing employees to move on to other campuses with clean records to prey on unsuspecting students. Making campuses havens for sexual predators will be Eli Capilouto’s defining legacy, and will stain the University of Kentucky’s reputation for many years to come.”

The Election of 2016 is over. President-Elect Trump is a reality – one that few in the media anticipated. It was also a monumental year in Kentucky, with Republicans claiming the state’s House of Representatives and Senate for the first time in more than a century.

What was the role of the national media in the election? Why did Kentucky’s legislature flip from Democrat to Republican? And what does the future hold for press rights and freedom of speech under President Trump?

The Society of Professional Journalists, Louisville Pro Chapter, will answer these questions and more in a panel discussion on the election on Monday, Nov. 21, at the Ekstrom Library’s Chao Auditorium at the University of Louisville beginning at 7 p.m. (Directions; Map showing parking areas)

The panel will be moderated by Ralph Merkel, communication instructor and student media adviser, University of Louisville. Panelists will be:

• Joe Gerth, political reporter, The Courier-Journal
• Lawrence Smith, political reporter, WDRB
• Ricky Lee Jones, Chair, Pan-African Studies, University of Louisville
• Claire Galofaro, reporter, The Associated Press

The event is free and open to the public. It is co-sponsored by SPJ, Louisville Pro Chapter and the University of Louisville SPJ chapter, the University of Louisville School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Communication and The Louisville Cardinal, which is the student-run newspaper at the University of Louisville. For more information about the SPJ Louisville Pro chapter, visit our web site, www.spjlouisville.org.

Government activities should be open to the public. It’s a fundamental American right. But it isn’t always honored by public officials. You can fight for your right to information – and Society of Professional Journalists, Louisville Pro Chapter, is ready to show you how.

Learn more about open records and meetings at a free program presented by Society of Professional Journalists, Louisville Pro chapter, on Oct. 17, at 7 p.m. at Bon Air branch of Louisville Free Public Library, 2816 Del Rio Place, Louisville.

Amye Bensenhaver, recently retired from the Kentucky Attorney General’s office, will describe the mechanics of the law, the challenges requesters currently face in negotiating the law, and challenges on the horizon. Amye will review what types of records and meetings are open to the public, and the type of obstacles you might encounter in getting public information.

Amye will speak about problems members of the media may face, but also about how everyday public citizens can find and get information that they need to serve as watchdogs over government entities. She will take questions from the audience.

The event is free and open to the public. It sponsored by SPJ, Louisville Pro Chapter.

If you have questions about the event, e-mail Robyn Davis Sekula at robynds@live.com or call (502) 608-6125.

A forum on questions raised by The Kentucky Kernel’s reporting on the University of Kentucky’s handling of a sexual-assault case against a professor was canceled Thursday, Oct. 13 because of a scheduling conflict.

SPJ Bluegrass Professional Chapter President Liz Hansen says the event will be rescheduled. We’ll share an update when information becomes available.

The Kentucky Kernel’s reporting on the University of Kentucky’s handling of a sexual-assault case against a professor has raised important questions about privacy for victims, transparency of a public university, and the role of accountability journalism in a democratic society.

These issues will be explored in a public forum at 5:30 p.m. Thursday, Oct. 13, in the auditorium of the W.T. Young Library at UK.

The panelists will be Kernel Editor Marjorie Kirk, a UK journalism student; Thomas Miller, the newspaper’s lawyer; Jay Blanton, chief spokesman for the university and a former Kernel editor; and Ashley Rouster, coordinator and survivor advocate from the Violence Intervention and Prevention Center at UK. The moderator will be John Nelson, retired executive editor of the former Danville-based Advocate Communications.

The program is sponsored by the UK Campus Chapter and the Bluegrass Professional Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists. It is free and open to the public, and a question-and-answer session will follow the panel discussion.

SPJ, founded in 1909 as Sigma Delta Chi, promotes the free flow of information vital to a well-informed citizenry; works to inspire and educate the next generation of journalists; and protects First Amendment guarantees of freedom of speech and press. For more information about SPJ, visit spj.org.